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mysql主从搭建切换

发布时间：2022-03-25 11:34:05 所属栏目：MySql教程 来源：互联网
导读：环境： 172.30.249.156 percona5.6.27 主机名：tr-mysql 跑着生产环境的应用的虚拟机 192.168.129.153 percona5.6.27 主机名：trcloud-gtt-db 新申请的物理机 工作内容：给生产环境数据库搭建主从架构，并将主库放到新申请的物理机上,连续停机不能超过10分
       环境：
      172.30.249.156 percona5.6.27 主机名：tr-mysql 跑着生产环境的应用的虚拟机
      192.168.129.153 percona5.6.27 主机名：trcloud-gtt-db 新申请的物理机
      工作内容：给生产环境数据库搭建主从架构，并将主库放到新申请的物理机上,连续停机不能超过10分钟
      大致流程：搭建主从-->主备切换-->测试结果，因为生产环境数据大概有100多G，考虑到停机时间和效率的问题，恢复备库使用Xtrabackup方式备份恢复，不使用mysqldump和冷备的方式
 
一：搭建主从
1、创建复制账号
在Master的数据库中建立一个备份帐户：每个slave使用标准的MySQL用户名和密码连接master。进行复制操作的用户会授予REPLICATION SLAVE权限。
 
命令如下：
 
mysql> create user 'replicat'@'192.168.129.153' identified by 'passw';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave,super on *.* to 'replicat'@'192.168.129.153';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
建立一个帐户backup，并且只能允许从10.211.55.5这个地址上来登陆，密码是passw。
 
2、配置master、slave参数
主库:
打开二进制日志、指定唯一server ID、
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/my.cnf
……
log-bin=/data/DB/mysql/mysql-bin
server-id=1
…….
备库:
打开二进制日志、指定唯一server ID
[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
……
log-bin=/data/DB/mysql/mysql-bin
server-id=2
…….
 
3、拷贝并恢复备库数据
主库备份：
[root@tr-mysql  backup]# xtrabackup --backup --user=root --datadir=/data/DB/mysql/ --target-dir=/data/backup/20160628bak/
........
160628 09:55:17 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
160628 09:55:17 All tables unlocked
160628 09:55:17 Backup created in directory '/data/backup/20160628bak/'
160628 09:55:17 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
160628 09:55:17 [00]        ...done
160628 09:55:18 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
160628 09:55:18 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1696091795) to (1696091805) was copied.
160628 09:55:18 completed OK!
[root@tr-mysql backup]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/20160628bak/    --让备份数据一致
[root@tr-mysql backup]# scp 20160628bak/* root@192.168.129.153:/data/backup/20160628bak/
备库恢复：
[root@trcloud-gtt-db ~]# rsync -avrp /data/backup/20160628bak/  /data/DB/mysql/
........
sent 6426459950 bytes  received 259 bytes  197737237.20 bytes/sec
total size is 6425674808  speedup is 1.00
[root@trcloud-gtt-db~ ]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/DB/mysql
 
4、主库准备测试数据
mysql> use test;
mysql> create table id(id int(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.02 sec)
mysql> insert into id values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
 
5、设置复制进程
查看master当前binlog文件
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      834 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave创建复制进程
mysql> change master to master_host='172.30.249.156',
    -> master_user='replicat',
    -> master_password='passw',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
    -> master_log_pos=0;
 
6、启动slave，查看进程
启动
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
查看slave进程
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.30.249.156
                  Master_User: replicat
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 834
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 997
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 834
              Relay_Log_Space: 1171
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 7d7ee32c-26cd-11e6-8fe2-fa163ecb3078
             Master_Info_File: /data/DB/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在这里主要是看:
                   Slave_IO_Running=Yes
                   Slave_IO_Running=Yes
                   Slave_SQL_Running=Yes
slave的I/O和SQL线程都已经开始运行，而且Seconds_Behind_Master不再是NULL。日志的位置增加了，意味着一些事件被获取并执行了。如果你在master上进行修改，你可以在slave上看到各种日志文件的位置的变化，同样，你也可以看到数据库中数据的变化。
查看master进程
mysql> show processlistG;
........
*************************** 3. row ***************************
           Id: 4
         User: canal
         Host: 172.30.248.95:35966
           db: NULL
      Command: Binlog Dump
         Time: 11821
        State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
         Info: NULL
    Rows_sent: 0
Rows_examined: 0
........
*************************** 5. row ***************************
           Id: 12
         User: replicat
         Host: 192.168.129.153:51948
           db: NULL
      Command: Binlog Dump
         Time: 614
        State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
         Info: NULL
    Rows_sent: 0
Rows_examined: 0
 
7、测试结果
slave上查看创建的表和数据都有了
mysql> select * from id;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在master上修改数据
mysql> update id set id=2 where id =1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
查看slave数据
mysql> select * from id;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    2 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
测试通过
 
二：主从切换
 
1、在从库（新的主服务器）上创建用户
mysql> create user 'replicat'@'172.30.249.156' identified by 'passw';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave,super on *.* to 'replicat'@'172.30.249.156';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
2、从库（新的主服务器） 操作
mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
| Id | User            | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State                                                                       | Info             | Rows_sent | Rows_examined |
+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
|  1 | event_scheduler | localhost | NULL | Daemon  | 2238 | Waiting on empty queue                                                      | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
|  5 | root            | localhost | test | Query   |    0 | init                                                                        | SHOW PROCESSLIST |         0 |             0 |
|  7 | system user     |           | NULL | Connect |  809 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL             |         0 |             0 |
+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+---------------+
确保状态为：has read all relay log
mysql> show slave status G；
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State:
                  Master_Host: 172.30.249.156
                  Master_User: replicat
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1523
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1686
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: No
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1523
              Relay_Log_Space: 1860
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 7d7ee32c-26cd-11e6-8fe2-fa163ecb3078
             Master_Info_File: /data/DB/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
 
3、从库变主库
mysql> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> RESET MASTER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> RESET SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql>  show master status G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000009
         Position: 120
     Binlog_Do_DB:
 Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
4、主库变从库
mysql> RESET MASTER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.36 sec)
mysql>  RESET SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
设置slave进程
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.129.153',
    -> master_user='replicat',
    -> master_password='passw',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000009',
    -> master_log_pos=120;
启动slave进程
mysql> start slave;
 
5、修改参数并重启
将从库变成只读
修改现在的从库参数
read-only                           =1
innodb_read_only               =1
super_read_only                 =1  #（拥有super权限也无法修改）
重启
[root@tr-mysql mysql]# service mysql restart
 
6、检查主从是否都正常
主库
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
show master status G
从库
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
start slave;
show slave status G
 
7、测试数据
主库
mysql> update id set id=1 where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
从库
mysql> select * from id;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
切换成功

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